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Abstract: Culture is the soul of a country and a nation.Culture invigorates the country, and culture strengthens the nation.Without a high degree of cultural confidence, without the prosperity of culture, there will be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Culture is the backbone and soul of a nation. It casts the heart and character of a nation and a nation. Only with cultural confidence can a nation stand in the forest of nations in the world.Only when the people have faith can a country have strength and a nation have hope.Cultural confidence is a crucial factor in achieving these goals.
Chai Xiujian, stage name Qin Geng.Born in September 1968, Chai Village, Shantang Town, Jun County.Graduated from the Department of Traditional Chinese Painting of Qingdao Oriental Art University in Shandong province in 1990.Now he is a member of Chinese folk literature and art Association and Chinese Artists Association.Member of folk Arts and crafts Professional Committee of Chinese Arts and Crafts Association.Art consultant of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage Magazine Art Committee.Member of henan Folk Literature and art Association.Member of Henan Arts and Crafts Industry Association.Executive vice president of Jun County Folk Culture and Art Association.
Thousands of years of history of mud goo goo living fossil
Junxian county in Henan province was called Liyang in ancient times. It has a long history and splendid culture. The ancestors of the matriarchal clan settled in the late period (about 6000 BC).
Junxian county is located in the southeast of Hebi City. It was once the old road of the Yellow River and one of the birthplaces of Yellow River civilization.There are very superior geographical conditions, four distinct climate conditions, Yellow River impact brought fertile soil, is the foundation of agricultural development here.Abundant rainfall gives priority to the development of farming civilization. Meanwhile, the rich soil formed by the old Yellow River is also the basic material for the production of Mud sculptures in Junxian County.
Mud goo goo is a traditional handicraft with a long history as a folk name of small clay toys in Junxian County.It is vividly called "goo goo" because it can make different sounds with its mouth.According to a report in the records, History As A Mirror sui end peasant uprising, led by shi biao WaGangJun in ancient sincerely now xun county sui troops and war, many soldiers and horses killed, in order to commemorate the sacrifice of soldiers and horses, the army some ingenuity with local yellow cement molded into clay figurine, mud horse said remembrance.With the development of history, this traditional Chinese handicraft has been handed down and passed down to this day.
Since the 1990s, the state has increased the protection of intangible cultural heritage.The traditional folk art form of Mud goo goo in Junxian county has gradually received national attention.In 2006, Nigugu of Junxian County was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural Heritage protection list after approval by The State Council.Nikugu is no longer a mud toy only for children, but gradually transformed into a folk culture and art, and has become the name card of Junxian County, Henan Province, Nikugu also began to go out of junxian county, to the whole country.In June 2008, Chai Xiujian was approved by henan Provincial Department of Culture as one of the first provincial inheritors of intangible cultural heritage.
Creative folk art takes the road of "mud goo goo" innovation
Chai Xiujian was born in 1968 in chai Village, Shantang Town, Junxian County, in a family of folk artists. He has been fond of art since childhood and has an extraordinary love for folk clay sculpture art since childhood. Born in the town of art, he has been immersed in clay sculpture culture and can make simple finished products based on models since his childhood.He joined the army at a young age and studied in the Department of Traditional Chinese Painting at The Correspondence University of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy (Qingdao Oriental Painting and Calligraphy Art University).
In 1992, chai Xiujian retired as a soldier for 5 years to return to the good hall hometown of jun County, originally intended to rely on his artistic skills to find a job, he is meeting with the myth of the world to prepare to promote folk arts and crafts of jun County, they should be recruited into the myth of the world.His job was to find and collect the distinctive folk arts and crafts of Junxian County. Customers were particularly interested in Niugu, but there were many styles but few innovations at that time. Therefore, Chai xiujian, relying on his artistic background, tried to design a series of mythological figures and animals and handed them to other artists to make, which became very popular.From then on, Chai Xiujian walked towards the road of creation of Ni Gu gu.
In order to deepen the deep understanding of ni-ku-gu culture and create exquisite works, Chai Xiujian often studied in the folk, studied and discussed with masters, and took its essence to remove its bad cypress.The lion and mud horse created have their own style and traditional characteristics.He combined the sculpture of Qin, Han and Tang dynasties with the clay sculpture art of Junxian county, and the colors of lacquer ware of Qin and Han dynasty and porcelain of Ming Dynasty were combined to make the clay sculpture work more primitive and simple in color, with a strong local style.After years of hard hone and painstaking study, Chai Xiujian's works have fire pure feeling, its own school, works superb technique, clay bold exaggeration, both shape and spirit, vivid modeling, concise and clear, sending out a strong local flavor, to achieve the simple and straightforward vivid god, majestic and strong characteristics.Have intrepid primitive interest and simple and honest, naive aesthetic feeling.It gives people a kind of artistic enjoyment of strong patience and perseverance.
As a descendant of the Chinese Emperor, The mud goo created by Chai Xiujian with yellow clay is not only a traditional folk skill spread for hundreds of years, but also an expression of the determination to carry forward and inherit China's intangible heritage.
Befriending with birds, artisan inheritance
Niugu originated from the belief of prehistoric people on birds. In ancient times, people could not live without flying birds. Working people became attached to birds, and at the same time had a strong feeling of worship and admiration for flying birds, which gradually formed the cultural characteristics of bird belief in plain areas.In the heart of the Central Plains people who relied on land to produce food, it was the birds that carried the seeds, so that the agricultural civilization could be developed.
Mud goo goo has four production forms, one is mold making, the other is manual kneading, the third is the combination of mold and hand kneading, and the fourth is the addition of steel wire and spring on the clay toy body.Although Nikugu has a long history and excellent production technology, chai Xiujian bravely stood out and decided to carry forward Nikugu of Junxian county as young people's attention to the ancient traditional handicraft declined.
As a kind of traditional folk crafts, the main production tool is shape of bamboo and bamboo sticks, producers use of these instruments, after and water and punching system, making the local yellow cement works, and then dipped in rosin (now instead of ink), color (now changed to gouache), with a homemade hemp pen (now changed to brush), by drawing on the plastic parison more in black as the background,Then draw various patterns in bright colors such as red, yellow, blue and green to form a strong contrast with the black bottom. Then cover it with varnish and roast it in a small brick kiln about one meter high and wide.
Kneading mud goo goo soil is more delicate, soft and highly plastic than other soil, which is a natural clay plastic material. This kind of resource can be obtained everywhere in the local farmland.Generally, high-quality soil of more than one meter underground will be selected for kneading clay goo goo. Because of farmland cultivation, there will be many sundry things such as firewood and plant roots in the soil within one meter of the surface, which hinder the kneading of clay sculpture.Basically under a meter of soil soil will be relatively pure, molded clay is not easy to crack.When collecting soil, we should pay special attention to the quality of the soil, and there should be no sundries, so as not to affect the quality of the future works.
Folk craftsmen pay attention to the true expression of inner feelings.They take advantage of the plasticity of the soil and give it new life in accordance with their own experience of real life.The most prominent feature of the shape of Nigugu from Junxian county is its exaggerated shape and vivid posture. As the folk song goes, "Nigugu nigugu, small head, big belly and bald tail", the key points of making Nigugu are given out: exaggerated plump belly, naive look and simple and lively colors.Folk artists in the process of mud knead goo goo according to different objects using different technique of expression, bold choice, generalize, exaggerated performance, with strong aesthetic feeling, in the form of such as "nine pounds ten catties a lion head, behind a kilo tail off", knead heroes, beauty is a "hero with no items, beauty XiaoJian", this is more able to highlight the heroic hero and graceful feminine women.It can be seen that exaggeration is one of the important means for folk sculpture to express the characteristics of images.Nigugu of Jun County adopts the generalized and exaggerated modeling means of "seeking its spirit instead of its form".This kind of prominent subject, should be in line with the rule of object image shape, can add the object image to be more brilliant, natural and vivid interest.
Many of his works have been exhibited in Singapore, Germany, the United States and other countries.His works have been collected by Taiwan, Hong Kong, Russia, Japan, China arts and Crafts Museum and other provincial, municipal and national art museums.Cctv-2, CCTV-4, CCTV-9, Beijing SATELLITE TV, Shantong Satellite TV, Hefei Wei soap, Jiangsu Satellite TV.Xinhua News Agency, China Daily, China Culture Daily overseas newspaper, China Nationalities Daily, Beijing Daily and other dozens of media have reported.
Chai Xiujian
In May 2004, in henan province in the fourth session of folk arts and crafts expo work "mud goo goo combination" won the new award.
In August 2006, the work "Lion" won the silver prize in the second China Folk Arts and crafts Exposition in Beijing International Exhibition Center.
In December 2007, his work "Lion treading on Hydrangea" was awarded the title of Famous cultural product in Henan Province by henan Provincial Department of Culture.
In January 2008, the work "Lion rolling rust ball" was awarded the Golden Eagle award by the World Folk Literature and Art Association.And won the honorary title of lifetime achievement Award.
In June 2008, it was approved by henan Provincial Department of Culture as one of the first provincial inheritors of intangible cultural heritage.
In October 2008, in Beijing National Culture Palace held in the "Chinese traditional arts and crafts boutique exhibition" work "Lion on rust ball mud goo goo" won the "bronze prize", and the work was collected by the National Arts and Crafts Museum of China.
In October 2009, celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Culture Promotion Association held the morning tour of China's intangible cultural heritage (Shanghai) work "Living Head Lion" won the first prize.
In March 2010, he was awarded the title of "Ambassador of Sinology Culture and art" by the Chinese Sinology Research Society.In March 2011, he was appointed vice president of China National Academy of Painting and Calligraphy.
Chai Xiujian works of books and periodicals "keep craft", "pictures of the old unique", "Chinese handicrafts auspicious daquan", "toy journey", "Chinese handicrafts clay toys", "Chinese local folk craft", "Yunnan International Handicrafts high-level Forum", "mud goo goo" and other books.
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